![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD0yfxUQKAmKR5lRtREQChWZEx_Qi3-69NUz6H2oriWGdXMFrYLdNmEZMtTDSVHqRm-oSmj2qlP5VJB-oY_VJt-lDIi_a3YDOP4zW6Be_IEVR1WLHIsBTvVqZEJvrb7b7uZ9PUppLii72U/s320/Cockatiel.jpg)
Summer is coming to an end and we have an autumn of activities to look forward to. As a starter, I would like to recommend a series of papers just out in the
J Exp Biol, in which the mechanical power was measured in cockatiels. In three papers the researchers measured muscle work, compared muscle work with output from a aerodynamic model, and finally measure the flight metabolic rate to get conversion efficiency. The papers discuss all the difficulties and pitfalls, we are so well aware of, but they constitute a good and recent update on the subject. It is concluded that power consumption during flight must come from more than just the main flight muscles (Pectoralis major/supracoracoideus), otherwise the efficiency must be extremely low in the order of 10%, or so.
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